土壤铅和镉溶出伏安法检测中影响因素及其削弱方法研究进展

溶出伏安法具有分析速度快、成本低、灵敏度高等优点被广泛应用于检测土壤重金属含量，但在检测土壤重金属时，溶出伏安检测精度会受到多方面因素的影响。该文在介绍溶出伏安法工作原理的基础上，从伏安参数、试验条件和土壤物质成分三方面阐述溶出伏安法检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+为的影响因素，解析各因素的影响机理，归纳影响削弱方法的研究进展。研究结论为：方波脉冲阳极溶出伏安法最常用于检测土壤Pb2+和Cd2+，伏安参数包括脉冲幅值、电压增量和脉冲频率，试验条件包括沉积时间、沉积电压和支持电解质种类及其pH值，土壤成分主要干扰因素包括非目标重金属和有机质。针对伏安参数和试验条件的影响可以设计优化试验有效削弱。针对非目标重金属和有机质的干扰影响，目前研究还没有提出有效的削弱方法。最后，展望了溶出伏安法检测土壤重金属的未来发展方向。     

不利气象条件对果业生产的影响及果园管理建议

针对近年来不利气象条件频发情况,分析了不利气象条件对果业生产的影响,提出减轻不利气象条件对果树影响的建议和不利气象发生后果园的管理要点。     

汽车变速器齿轮修形仿真分析

汽车变速器的关键部件齿轮因其加工和装配质量的影响,工作时容易引起振动噪声大及承载能力降低等问题,而齿轮修形是解决这些问题的有效方法,且成本较低。针对某款汽车变速器,利用Romax对齿轮进行修形分析。结果表明,修形后减小了齿轮的传动误差和最大接触应力,齿面载荷分布更加合理。有效改善了齿轮的传动性能,增加了齿轮寿命。     

Measuring trail users’ perception of crowding in a peri-urban nature park: A best-worst scaling experiment

This paper evaluates the perception of crowding, its determinants and relationship with trail users’ experience in a peri-urban nature park. Existing crowding surveys rely heavily on a single-item 9-point crowding scale which was originally developed for backcountry areas. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the validity and reliability of this measure in detecting crowding issues and formulating visitor capacity limits. Low validity and reliability raised concerns about the applicability of this scale in similar frontcountry areas. Inability of this simple crowding measure to detect a visitor threshold brings to the fore its another important limitation – ignorance of the complexity of crowding phenomenon. The perception of crowding varies with various social, psychological and situational factors, and a best-worst scaling (BWS) experiment was designed to simultaneously evaluate different aspects of crowding in the Medvednica Nature Park, a peri-urban nature park near Zagreb, Croatia. The findings of BWS experiment revealed that occupancy of mountain huts, number of other hikers on the trail and amount of litter along the trail on average contributed most to the trail users’ sense of crowding. A latent class analysis identified a large heterogeneity in the perception of crowding; while one group of trail users (63%) was more disturbed by the direct social impacts, the others (37%) were more disturbed by the secondary impacts of other visitors, especially by the negative externalities from road traffic in the park. Older visitors had a greater tendency to primarily associate crowding with the environmental conditions. A higher impact of trail use level in the perception of crowding, younger age and more frequent use were associated with a more negative evaluation of crowding. The park management should closely monitor road traffic in the park and visitor activity on highly used trails, especially on those popular among younger trail users.     

农业产业化运行机制的现实分析

农业产业化是一项涉及多部门、多产业、多主体的系统工程，这一系统能否高效的运作.是实施农业产业化发展战略的关键。木文通过对农业产业化运行模式和运行机制的现实分析.阐述了在新形势下如何有效建立起农业产业化的运行机制。     

黄河中游水土保持措施保存率分析及措施状况评述──以黄河河龙区间南片为例

本文以土地详查、淤地坝普查成果为基本依据，结合典型调查，研究分析了河龙区间南片水土保持各项措施的保存率，认为在空间尺度上，分行政区给出的保存率较为真实的反映了社会环境、自然环境因素的相对作用程度及其主导关系，且有实际应用意义，据此文中进一步核实评述了该区水保措施的保存面积、措施结构及质量等。该区水保措施的状况在黄河中游干旱半干旱地区具有广泛的代表性，分析结果可作为水沙分析、水保规划、土地资源与环境评价等工作的重要参考依据。     

马铃薯品种抗软腐病测定条件的研究

用全薯块吸头刺伤接种法测定时,较理想的测定条件为:每接种点接种0.1ml浓度为10~2～10~5CFU/ml菌悬液,随后在21±5℃～31±5℃(依所用菌株而定)下保持2～3天,以接种点腐烂斑的最大直径作记载标准。用新鲜薯片法测定时,除接种浓度为10~2～10~3CFU/ml,保持时间为1～2天及以侵染限值作评价标准外,其余条件和全薯块吸头刺伤接种法相同。当用皮孔浸渍法接种时,薯块在10_6CFU/ml菌悬液中浸5分钟,然后使薯块表面保持连续水膜,3～5天后测量薯块表面腐烂面积。上述3种方法都必须有20个以上重复,并使用大小一致、无伤无病的成熟薯块。     

长距离输油气管道的工作压力

工作压力是油气管道设计中的一个重要部分,它对管道的技术经济条件影响很大,如何确定它非常重要.列出世界上一些陆上油气管道的主要技术参数,进一步阐明了油气管道工作压力的特点,即输油管道工作压力决定着管道的建设投资;一般情况下,输油管道的工作压力不宜太高;输气管道的最佳工作压力与管道建设投资及输气经营费用有关;一般情况下,最佳工作压力趋向高值.     

某类高阶非线性偏微分方程组弱解的正则性

本文研究一类2k阶非线性偏微分方程组之解的正则性,没有假定通常的椭圆性条件而只假定所谓"无穷远处"的椭圆性条件,证明了解的k-1阶导数为李普希兹连续的.